Chiropractors can read us anywhere, anytime
Fourth Quarter 2025
(October to December)
Volume 6, Issue 2 (6-2)
read with your mind, care with your heart
Chiropractic in New Zealand
Narrative: 50 years ago a petition signed by 94,210 citizens of New Zealand was presented to Parliament asking that ‘Chiropractic services be subsidised under Social Security and Accident Compensation, so that patients of Registered Chiropractors may receive their services on the same basis as they receive other Health services with the community’. JC Smith provides a detailed assessment of the value embedded in report of the resultant inquiry.
Indexing terms: Chiropractic; philosophy; New Zealand; Commission of Inquiry; Royal Commission.
Cite: Smith JC. Chiropractic in New Zealand. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2 apcj.net/Papers-Issue-6-2/#SmithNewZealand
Chiropractic school without a student clinic: Reflections from a student
Narrative: Institutions offering a program of Chiropractic education are required to attain and hold programmatic accreditation by an agency approved for this purpose in the jurisdiction of the institution.
It is reasonable for the profession to expect that graduates have attained clinical capability with entry-level competency in the unique psychomotor skills of the discipline, namely spinal adjusting, as the highest order manipulative skill.
In this reflection I question from first-hand experience whether this expectation meets reality at the University of Southern Denmark.
Indexing terms: Chiropractic; World Congress of Chiropractic Students, WCCS; clinical training; professional identity; student perspective.
Cite: Author name withheld. Chiropractic school without a student clinic: Reflections from a student. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#SchoolWithoutClinic
Editor’s note: Our correspondent raises serious issues which the profession must promptly address in full.
Cervical Arterial Events and Spinal Manipulation: A Scoping Review of Terminology and Ratio Risk
Background: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to conduct a scoping review of the literature examining the reported ratios between cervical spinal adjustments or manipulation (CeSAM) and cervical vascular accidents (CeVA). This review highlights how several authors have cited pre-existing ratios in their own calculations, sometimes without recalculating based on primary data. Furthermore, the paper addresses the diverse and often inconsistent acronyms used in the literature, contextualising them within their relevant anatomical structures, particularly in relation to the cervical spine and the Circle of Willis.
Intervention: Sixteen distinct acronyms associated with cervical vascular accidents (CeVA) have been identified in the literature. This paper provides an anatomical overview of the cervical vascular system—focusing on the vertebral and carotid arteries, and the Circle of Willis—followed by an analysis of how these acronyms have been applied. All peer-reviewed publications presenting incidence or risk ratios linking CeSAM to CeVA were reviewed and synthesised. A summary table presents the primary practitioners involved in each study alongside the associated ratios reported.
Outcome: This review presents the currently available literature reporting ratios or frequencies of cervical vascular accidents in association with cervical spinal manipulation. It distinguishes between primary ratios, calculated directly from empirical data, and secondary ratios, where authors have cited figures from prior studies. Reported incidence rates in the literature vary widely, ranging from 1 per 4,500 treatments to 1 per 5.85 million manipulations. These figures are contrasted with the spontaneous incidence of cervical artery dissection in the general population, estimated between 1 and 3 per 100,000 people annually, highlighting the uncertainty and inconsistency in the data.
Conclusion: Cervical artery dissection, although rare, remains the most serious reported iatrogenic complication associated with cervical spinal manipulation. The current body of literature suggests a weak association between CeSAM and CeVA, with no definitive causal link established. Nonetheless, the frequency and interpretation of reported ratios vary widely. Moreover, the literature tends to emphasise adverse events, with insufficient reporting of positive outcomes or appropriate referrals made by Chiropractors and manual therapists. In light of the Montgomery ruling (2015), it is no longer a matter of establishing causation alone; all available information, risks, uncertainties, and benefits, must be disclosed to patients, placing the practitioner in a clearly defined advisory role.
Indexing terms: Cervical vascular accident; carotid artery accident; vertebral artery accident; cervical chiropractic adjustments, osteopathic, or physiotherapy manipulation; CVA.
Cite: Nunn NR, Battiston A, Breeze S, Harrison J. Cervical Arterial Events and spinal manipulation: A scoping review of terminology and ratio risk. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2 apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#NunnCxArteryEvents
History, risks, and early referral insights from three reported cases of Cervical Vascular Incidence: The importance of valid informed consent for cervical spine adjustments
Background: his paper aims to provide evidence and the importance of obtaining consent by reviewing the association between cervical spinal adjustments or manipulation (CeSAM) and cervical vascular accidents (CeVA) in patients presenting with headaches and neck pain, considering the Montgomery ruling in the UK. Thus, informed consent is obtained, and patients can decide whether to proceed with care or treatment.
Intervention: Reviewing factors in a patient’s history, including past medical history, family medical history, and medication, considering both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with cervical vascular accidents (CeVAs), and performing a neurovascular examination to mitigate the risk of CeVAs associated with cervical spine adjustments. It links other relevant activities and professions to CeVA, which are recorded in peer-reviewed papers that place less emphasis.
Outcome: A summary of the most common risk factors directly linked to cervical vascular accidents. It presents three cases recorded at the educational institution, which were considered as potential cervical vascular accidents (CeVAs), with their subsequent management. This supports a positive view showing that Chiropractors screen for potential CeVA and refer accordingly.
Conclusion: Cervical artery dissection is the most serious recorded iatrogenic complication associated with cervical spinal adjustments or manipulation. Currently, the evidence is weak for an association between CeSAM and CeVA, and the available data suggest no causal effect from CeSAM. With the change in law and the introduction of the Montgomery ruling in 2015, it is imperative to recognise that a direct or indirect association or causal link between chiropractic adjustments and CeVA is no longer relevant.
It is essential to explain to the patient that ‘We have taken a detailed history and recorded modifiable and non-modifiable risks, medications, past medical history, and family history, along with neurovascular examination, which are all within normal limits. From the history and examination, the signs and symptoms you have presented are musculoskeletal. However, we must make you aware that these signs and symptoms are also a presentation for an increased risk of a cervical vascular dissection or stroke and may be exacerbated by the adjustment, manipulation, or any cervical joint treatment. The positive is that treating the presenting signs and symptoms should give you the relief you want’.
According to peer-reviewed literature, Chiropractic adjustments are still associated with a risk factor. However, is this a balanced view? Many articles report the most serious adverse effects, but few report the positive impact of appropriate referral. This paper covers three such cases. We encourage those who have used the neurovascular screening criteria, identified a potential CeVA, and made the appropriate referral to the hospital to document their experiences, providing a balance to the discussion.
Indexing terms: Cervical vascular accident; carotid artery accident; vertebral artery accident; cervical chiropractic adjustments; osteopathic manipulation; physiotherapy manipulation; CVA.
Cite: Nunn NR, Battiston A, Breeze S, Harrison J. History, risks, and early referral insights from three reported cases of Cervical Vascular Incidence: The importance of valid informed consent for cervical spine adjustments. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2 apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#NunnCVICaseSeries
Atrial Fibrillation and its relationship with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Purpose: To provide scientific support, through an extensive review of the literature, for the hypothesis that cardiac symptoms and specifically Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) may arise due to problems in the cervical and or thoracic spine. Studies strongly indicate the presence of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) as a prime culprit for perturbations causing interference with the nerves (TOSn), arteries (TOSa), and veins (TOSv) that all affect the healthy function of the cardiovascular system. We will examine multiple causes for AFib and illustrate how the ANS and TOS plays a role in this aetiology.
Methods: Analysis was undertaken of the literature reporting on atrial fibrillation as well as its related conditions such as ventricular tachycardia, mitral valve prolapse, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Most studies published are based on single clinical case studies or small cohort studies.
Conclusions: It is reported here that there is a strong apparent connection between TOS and ANS perturbations and AFib. Furthermore, considering the reporting that there is a five times greater risk factor for stroke among patients with AFib, it would appear that Chiropractic in its approach to AFib could be a therapy that might prove to be beneficial in avoidance of stroke. This, together with other interventions that target the ANS, might present an avenue of intervention that could provide the patient with viable options when other treatments fail to resolve the condition. It could as well provide the physician with another tool with which to evaluate and screen patients. Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to obtain more significant patient data to confirm aetiology.
Indexing terms: Chiropractic; spinal adjustment; thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS); vagal nerve; dysautonomia; Atrial Fibrillation; Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS); stroke
Cite: Weiner G. Atrial Fibrillation and its relationship with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2 www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-1/#WeinerAFib
The Wide-Angle Lens: Transforaminal Ligaments, unanswered questions
Narrative: Not all humans have transforaminal ligaments (TFLs), and when present, they may be found at some levels and not others. Given that the TFL is a feature of human anatomy, why is it so variable?
Is it possible that TFLs form in response to postural or traumatic biomechanical stresses? Support for this hypothesis would include a statistically significant difference in the presence and distribution of TFLs between populations of people differing in age, occupation, or history of accident.
If the TFL is richly endowed with such sensory structures, the ligament would in effect be a monitor of changes in IVF dimensions. TFLs frequently cross the IVF in an oblique direction. This orientation would give mechanoreceptors the ability to monitor changes in vertical and horizontal IVF dimensions.
I recommend further inquiry into the clinical relevance of the TFL.
Indexing terms: Chiropractic; transforaminal ligament; TFL; comparative anatomy.
Cite: Masarsky CS. The Wide-Angle Lens: Transforaminal Ligaments, Unanswered questions. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#MasarskyTransforminalLigaments
Insomnia and Chiropractic Practice:
An Applied Kinesiology approach
Abstract: Are there measurable physical tools that can be dependably used by chiropractic doctors for patients with insomnia? This paper presents these tools and discusses their chiropractic and biological plausibility.
Deep restful sleep is a critical biological experience that influences a wide variety of physiological processes. Insomnia may be affecting an enormous number of chiropractic patients and effecting their mood and their ability to learn and make memories; it also affects their metabolism, appetite, blood pressure, and the levels of inflammation in the body and perhaps even their immune response. Insomnia is also closely associated with unhappiness and depression.
In the United States, The National Sleep Foundation says that adults need 7 to 9 hours of sleep every night while kids may need 10 or more.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; AK; Applied Kinesiology; insomnia; ashwagandha.
Cite: Cuthbert S. Insomnia and Chiropractic Practice: An Applied Kinesiology approach. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#CuthbertInsomnia
The Rome and Waterhouse papers:
Support for the Chiropractic model, namely the Vertebral Subluxation Complex and the vertebral adjustment
Narrative: The greatest challenge within the discipline and profession of Chiropractic today is about the weak position on, if not rejection of, the small, dysfunctional lesion within the spine known for Centuries and identified as subluxed vertebrae by the founder of Chiropractic, DD Palmer.
We hold it is unethical for a Chiropractor to deliver therapeutic forces into and about the spine in the absence of an identifiable lesion together with the clinical evidence which warrants the adjustment.
Over two decades Rome and Waterhouse has painstakingly assembled and published evidence from the clinical literature supportive of such a treatable lesion.
In this paper we gather and present this information as a unified whole in a manner which can not be refuted or ignored. All Chiropractic must become familiar with these evidence-based matters.
Indexing terms: Chiropractic; Vertebral Subluxation Complex; Subluxation; evidence.
Cite: Rome PL. Waterhouse JD, Ebrall PS. The Rome and Waterhouse papers:Support for the Chiropractic model, namely the Vertebral Subluxation Complex and the vertebral adjustment. Asia-Pacific Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#RWVSCPapers
Improvements in Timed Up and Go Test, pain, and health-related Quality of Life in three geriatric patients with forward head posture receiving Chiropractic care: A Case Series
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe the improvements in the instrumented timed up and go test, pain, and health-related quality of life in three geriatric patients with forward head posture, receiving chiropractic care.
Three geriatric patients presented to a private chiropractic clinic seeking care on different dates. Patient A had a diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease, Patient B had chronic low back pain and failed back surgery syndrome, and Patient C suffered from neck pain and neurogenic bladder.
The patients were evaluated in the timed up and go test while wearing an inertial measurement unit. Grip strength was also measured. Improvements were noted in pain and grip strength after a program of chiropractic care. Also, multiple improvements were observed in the different variables of the timed up and go test.
The results from this case series reveal that a program of postural-based chiropractic care can improve certain timed up and go parameters, grip strength, pain, and health-related quality of life. More research is necessary to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between chiropractic care and improvements in timed up and go variables, which translates into a reduction in the risk of falling and improved quality of life.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; timed-up and go, biomechanics, grip strength, vertebral subluxation, geriatric.
Cite: Osuna A, Pérez-Uñate A. Improvements in Timed Up and Go Test, pain, and health-related Quality of Life in three geriatric patients with forward head posture receiving Chiropractic care: A Case Series. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#OsunaTUGTest
Shoulder joint dysfunctions: Where to look for the cause?
Abstract: Shoulder joint dysfunction manifested in the form of pain, muscle weakness and limited range of motion is almost always associated with anatomical disorders both of degenerative or inflammatory origin. In many cases the causes of the disease remain unclear.
In this paper I consider three approaches for clinicians: the orthopaedic model, the fascial dysfunction model, and the neuromuscular (reflex) model. Each of these approaches is justified in terms of aetiology, treatment and has statistically reliable positive results.
Muscles, although they depend largely on ligaments, tendons, fascia, play a key role in stabilisation and movement. Being organised into subsystems of muscle‑fascial chains (MFC) they ensure the functioning of a single system of biotensegrity.
The large number of approaches and proposed treatment methods highlights the complexity shoulder joint diseases problem. Each of the models presented here demonstrates significant advantages, and which of these models a specialist should choose depends on many factors
Indexing Terms: shoulder; adhesive capsulitis; frozen shoulder; Impingement syndrome; rotator cuff; fascia..
Cite: Kirdoglo GK. Shoulder joint dysfunctions: Where to look for the cause? Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. apcj.net/Papers-Issue-6-2/#KirdogloShoulder
Reaffirming the Nerve Pressure Model in the Age of Neuroplasticity
Narrative: Here I present an argument for the nerve pressure model which is grounded in anatomy and biomechanics, especially as emphasised by Clarence Gonstead.
Much of the current research emphasises broad cortical activation, especially in the prefrontal cortex, rather than focusing on measurable changes in neuromechanical or segmental function. While these studies are valuable, they tend to validate forms of Chiropractic that emphasise global nervous system influence rather than segmental correction.
This brain model doesn’t replace the disc model or the nerve pressure model. The brain simply responds once the disc has been corrected and the nerve pressure has been removed.
Indexing terms: Chiropractic; Gonstead; technique; neuroplasticity; segment-specific; neuromechanical function.
Cite: Fowler DA. Reaffirming the Nerve Pressure Model in the Age of Neuroplasticity. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#FowlerNeuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity and the Vertebral Subluxation Complex: A synopsis
Narrative: This brief report provides a overview of the model of Chiropractic Neuroplasticity advanced by the Centre for Chiropractic Research at the New Zealand College of Chiropractic, a world-class research facility driven by dedicated researchers who are leaders in Chiropractic research.
We used an AI Bot to generate a view of the Neuroplasticity Model and found it to be consistent with the principles of Chiropractic.
We note with particular interest that critics of the Neuroplasticity Model and any association by Chiropractors with the Vertebral Subluxation Complex and its correction by the adjustment, delivered with intent by trained Chiropractors, remain unable to offer an alternative model.
Indexing terms: Chiropractic; Vertebral Subluxation Complex; Subluxation; Neuroplasticity; Neuroplasticity Model.
Editors note: This paper represents fair and transparent use of AI in scholarship and publication.
Cite: Rome PL. Waterhouse JD. Neuroplasticity and the Vertebral Subluxation Complex: A synopsis. Asia-Pacific Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#RWNeuroplasticity
Time and tide
James Martin wrote 'Inevitably, historical epochs are arbitrary and subjective. Cultural and political events do not emerge in neat patterns like flower beds in a formal garden. It is only human to mourn a vanishing past. Nevertheless, I think the eerie sense many have that we are watching the page of history turning is correct, even if it is not exactly scientifically provable'.
We remember Drs Les Whitehead, John Cappola, Keith Livingstone, and Malcolm Rutledge.
Indexing terms: Chiropractic; Chiropractors; Les Whitehead; John Cappola; Keith Livingstone; Malcolm Rutledge.
Cite: Editorial team. Time and Tide: In memoriam. Les Whitehead, John Cappola, Keith Livingstone, Malcolm Rutledge. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#TimeandTideOct25
An ASRF Research Project
Reversal of cervical spinal ligament instabilities and severe abnormal cervical spine alignment in concurrence with improved sleep, pain, and mental and emotional function in a 44-year-old male with chronic Major Depression Symptoms: A case report
Background: A 44-year-old male presented for care with a primary concern of chronic Major Depression symptoms.
Intervention: He underwent a series of concentrated Chiropractic care weeks, during which he was managed using the Averio Functional Neurological Technique.
Outcomes: Over the course of care, repeated objective tests revealed significant improvements, including reversal of cervical spinal ligament instability, reducation in severe abnormal cervical spine alignment, as well as self-reported significant reductions in pain along with improvements in sleep, mental health and emotional function.
Conclusion: These outcomes highlight the need for further clinical trials investigating the effects of concentrated chiropractic care on mental health conditions such as major depression. Expanding research in this area would help to clarify the relationship between chiropractic and mental health outcomes, and potentially offer new avenues for care.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; subluxation; concentrated care; depression; cervical alignment.
Cite: Kotlerman S, Martin A, Clark J, Dhaliwal A, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Reversal of cervical spinal ligament instabilities and severe abnormal cervical spine alignment in concurrence with improved sleep, pain, and mental and emotional function in a 44-year-old male with chronic Major Depression Symptoms: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/Papers-Issue-6-2/#KotlermanDepression
Resolution of persistent sleepwalking in 41-year-old female: a case report
Background: A 41-year-old female presented for Chiropractic care with a primary complaint of headaches and neck pain. While the headaches and neck pain were the initial reasons for presentation, her intake assessment revealed that the major disruptive issue in her life was that of somnambulism.
Intervention: The patient was managed primarily using Modified Activator Methods and cranial adjusting, with the clinical focus on correcting upper cervical and cranial subluxations while promoting vagus nerve regulation.
Outcomes: Within one year of care, the patient’s sleepwalking had completely ceased. She achieved her goal of sleeping alongside her husband, and long-term neck pain and headaches had remained absent for the past year. Frequency of care was reduced, and cranial subluxations were fully corrected.
Conclusion: This case illustrates the potential for chiropractic care to address complex and multifaceted health concerns where other interventions have been unsuccessful.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Subluxation; sleep walking; somnambulism; cranial adjusting; Quality of Life.
Cite: Slak J-M, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Resolution of persistent sleepwalking (somnambulism) in 41-year-old female: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#SlakSleepwalking
Resolution of Trigeminal Neuralgia and insomnia in a 45-year-old female: A case report
Background: A 45-year-old female with a moderate activity level and no prior exposure to Chiropractic care, presented to a Chiropractic clinic with a primary complaint of persistent facial pain.
Intervention: The patient commenced a course of care during which she was managed using Knee Chest Upper Cervical Technique.
Outcomes: The patient demonstrated improved posture, arm strength, and cervical mobility, with leg length inequality significantly reduced and smooth pursuit eye movements showing better control, as well as a resolution of her facial pain, and an ability to recommence normal activities of daily living.
Conclusion: Larger studies involving multiple patients and different treatment approaches would be valuable for developing a more comprehensive understanding of how Chiropractic care can support individuals with complex craniofacial pain disorders.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Subluxation; trigeminal neuralgia; facial pain; knee-chest; Quality of Life.
Cite: Rai S, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Resolution of Trigeminal Neuralgia and Insomnia in a 45-year-old female: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#RaiTrigeminalNeuralgia
Improved sleep, energy and mental clarity in 79-year-old female: A case report
Background: A 79-year-old female presented for Chiropractic care with a primary concern of poor sleep, energy and vitality, and a desire to feel healthier. Despite her active lifestyle, she was experiencing balance issues and other challenges that lead to her declining level of physical activity.
Intervention: The patient commenced a course of care during which she was checked and adjusted using Diversified Techniques with the Activator as a method of delivery, and Thompson Drop Technique in addition to a cervical orthotic.
Outcomes: Over the course of care, the patient reported improvements in sleep, energy, mental clarity and balance, which allowed her to re-engage with a healthy and active lifestyle.
Conclusion: Chiropractic care across the lifespan may support broad improvements in quality of life, and should be investigated by further research into healthy aging.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Subluxation; energy; sleep; mental clarity; Quality of Life.
Cite: Lanoue T, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Improved sleep, energy and mental clarity in 79-year-old female: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#LanoueMentalClarity
Case Reports
Resolution of regular and severe muscle spasms in a 42-year-old male with Fish Vertebrae: A case report
Background: A 42-year old male presented for chiropractic care with a primary complaint of severe and debilitating muscle spasm, and a fish vertebrae with significant degeneration.
Intervention: The patient underwent chiropractic care using the Advanced Biostructural Correction protocol, with meningeal releases.
Outcomes: The patient was able to undergo care with no adverse reactions, and by ten weeks under care, had experienced a complete resolution of spasms, and a ninety per cent increase in range of motion. This drastic decrease in pain and increase in mobility made a significant difference to his quality of life.
Conclusion: In this case, the patient experienced lasting improvements that had not occurred under under modalities. Chiropractic care should be considered even for degenerative conditions, for which other modalities have not been effective.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Subluxation; Advanced Biostructural Correction Technique; ABC; Fish vertebrae.
Cite: Schober A, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Resolution of regular and severe muscle spasms in a 42-year-old male with Fish Vertebrae: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#SchoberFishVertebrae
About Dr Schober
Dr Adam Schober holds a Bachelor of Chiropractic Science and a Master of Chiropractic, and has treated thousands of clients over the course of his career. The owner of North Sydney Spine and Health, he is passionate about personalised care, and has been using the ABC™ Technique since 2010.
Improvement in spinal curvature and quality of life in a 30-year-old male with hip pain and immobility: A case report
Background: A thirty year old male presented for care with chief concerns relating to hip pain and mobility, despite his young age. His pain worsened with walking, thus contributing to reduced levels of physical activity.
Intervention: The patient underwent a course of care during which he was checked and adjusted using the Advanced Biostructural Correction technique.
Outcomes: The patient was able to achieve significant improvements in posture and pain, thus enabling him to re-engage with aspects of his life he found difficult prior to care.
Conclusion: This progression highlights the interplay between pain, posture, and neurological function, and the importance of a stepwise approach to care in complex cases.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Subluxation; Advanced Biostructural Correction Technique; ABC; hip pain; mobility; Quality of Life.
Cite: Camm J, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Improvement in spinal curvature and quality of life in a 30-year-old male with hip pain and immobility: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#CammHipPain
About Dr Camm
Dr Jonathan Camm holds a Bachelor of Health Science/Bachelor of Applied Science (Chiropractic), having graduated with distinction at RMIT University. He also holds a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from La Trobe University.
A keen sportsman, with special interests in golf, cycling, AFL and rock climbing, Jonathan is dedicated to improving health through chiropractic care. He has a twenty year nursing career behind him, during which his experience included Emergency Nursing, Hyperbaric Nursing, Wound care specialist and Clinical teacher. It was these focus areas that ultimately led him to Chiropractic. Having been a speaker at ABCA’s Singapore conference in 2019, Jonathan is passionate about ABC technique and philosophy.
Improvement in mobility and tone in a 6-month-old female under chiropractic care: A case report
Background: A six-moth old infant was presented for Chiropractic care with parents raising concerns over her inability to roll from side to side. Chiropractic examination revealed low tone contributing to reported difficulty with tummy time.
Intervention: The infant was cared for using the ABC™ technique, amended for the patient’s age and tensile strength. Meningeal releases were also delivered as part of her care.
Outcomes: Reducing pelvic restrictions and performing meningeal releases was effective in achieving a quick improvement in the infant’s mobility and, in turn, tone.
Conclusion: Minimal intervention did, in this case, elicit significant changes. This case is an example of the impact of Chiropractic care early childhood, where even minimal intervention can significantly impact outcomes.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Subluxation; Advanced Biostructural Correction Technique; ABC; tone; infant; meningeal release.
Cite: Coupe S, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Improvement in mobility and tone in a 6-month-old female under chiropractic care: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#CoupeMobilityTone
About Dr Coupe
Samantha studied her Bachelor and Masters in Chiropractic at Macquarie University in Sydney. It was in the second year anatomy labs that she met her future husband and business partner Ben Coupe. Throughout university Sam worked in a GP’s office which gave her insight into the limitation traditional medicine has with respect to structural body problems.
After graduation Sam worked for almost 4 years in Scotland which is where she learnt Advanced BioStructural Correction™. It was her time in Scotland that allowed her to try many different styles of Chiropractic, however after learning ABC™ she was so impressed with its consistent and predictable results she has devoted years to becoming a Master level certified practitioner. She was also one of the first practitioners worldwide to be accredited to teach the technique. When not in practice she is not only travelling to teach Chiropractors ABC™, but is now also responsible to leading instructor training worldwide.
With two children Arlo 10 and Albie 7, Sam practices part time and is passionate about women's health and longevity. She loves the diverse range of clients she sees in the city office and has a particular focus on pain caused by stress and poor posture. She loves CrossFit and feels movement is a huge factor in good health.
Improvement in bi-lateral plantar pain, posture and movement in 53-year-old female: A case report
Background: A 53-year-old female presented for Chiropractic care with a primary complaint of bi-lateral plantar pain, contributing to compensatory changes to her gait, and low back pain.
Intervention: The patient underwent a course of Chiropractic care during which she was managed using the Advanced Biostructural Correction Technique.
Outcomes: Significant improvements in posture occurred alongside improved range of motion and decrease plantar pain, allowing the patient to normalise her gait and resume walking normally and without pain.
Conclusion: Further research into the impact of posture on plantar fascia, and Chiropractic’s role in managing plantar pain is warranted.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Subluxation; Advanced Biostructural Correction Technique; ABC; plantar pain; gait; low back pain; Quality of Life.
Cite: Te Rito V, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Improvement in bi-lateral plantar pain, posture and movement in 53-year-old female: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#TeRitoPlantarPain
Abut Dr Te Rito
Dr Victoria Te Rito began as a Chiropractic Assistant in her twenties, before falling in love with the art, science and philosophy of chiropractic so much so that she enrolled in Chiropractic school gaining her Masters at Macquarie University. She later founded Orewa Family Chiropractic in New Zealand. Dr Victoria is passionate about the importance of having a healthy structure, spine, brain and nervous system as an essential part of living a more healthy, connected life. She has a special interest in posture and how it affects the many functions of the body such as breathing, mood, brain activity, tone, pain and overall health expression from the newborn to the more experienced member ‘s of our community.
Outside of practice Dr Victoria is working on becoming a certified Advanced BioStructural Correction (ABC) instructor. She has served on the ABCA board for 5 years. She enjoy spending time with siblings and friends, and currently challenging myself with the art of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, and has two adult children with her partner, Nick.
Improvements in pain, radiculopathy and quality of life 24-year-old male with a history of a motor vehicle accident: A case report
Background: A 24-year-old male presented for chiropractic care with a chief complaint of pain and radiculopathy following a serious motor vehicle accident. With the collision now two years behind him, he still experienced pain affecting sleep, mobility, and other aspects of his daily life.
Intervention: The patient began a course of care during which he was checked and adjusted according to the Advanced Biostructural Correction technique.
Outcomes: Over the course of care the patient saw marked improvements in subluxation findings, pelvic tilts and other objective tests. These occurred concomitant with significant improvements in subjective findings, like self-reported Quality of Life and ability to undertake activities of daily life, in a short time frame.
Conclusion: Even long after a person has ‘recovered’ from a motor vehicle accident, trauma to the body may result in significant changes. Chiropractic care should be investigated as a clinical approach by which patients can not only recover from physical trauma, but obtain their optimal nervous system function as well.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Subluxation; Advanced Biostructural Correction Technique; ABC; radiculopathy; Quality of Life; activities of daily living.
Cite: Terrell T, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Improvements in pain, radiculopathy and quality of life 24-year-old male with a history of a motor vehicle accident: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#TerrellRadiculopathy
About Dr Terrell
Born and raised in Sydney Thomas was exposed to Chiropractic at a young age having both an aunt and uncle who were Chiropractors themselves. After experiencing firsthand the benefits of Chiropractic he decided that was the career path he would follow. Thomas now operates in Private practice in Wallsend, Newcastle, NSW.
Resolution of Vertigo and Headaches in a 38-year-old female: A case report
Background: A 38-year-old female presented for chiropractic care six-months postpartum, with a chief complaint of vertigo. The initial onset had been two-three years prior following a six metre fall in which she sustained an L2/L3 fracture, symptoms had worsened with pregnancy.
Intervention: The patient underwent a course of Chiropractic care in which she was cared for using the Advanced Biostructural Correction Technique, which included stretching meningeal adhesions.
Outcomes: Concomitant with an improvement in objective measures, the patient experienced a complete reversal of vertigo symptoms and now enjoyed life without the condition.
Conclusion: Chiropractic care should be considered alongside long term rehabilitation after injury, and more research into chiropractic care and vestibular function may be warranted.
Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Subluxation; Advanced Biostructural Correction Technique; ABC; vertigo; postpartum headache.
Cite: Leahy A, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Resolution of Vertigo and Headaches in a 38-year-old female: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#LeahyVertigo
About Dr Leahy
Dr Adrienne Leahy completed her Bachelor of Chiropractic Science at Murdoch University, Western Australia in 2011 and her Master of Chiropractic at Macquarie University in Sydney in 2013. Upon completing her Master Degree Adrienne studied Advanced Biostructural Correction™ through seminars conducted by Advanced Biostructural Correction Australasia and their international counterparts. Adrienne is a part of a group practice of Chiropractors in Sydney’s Lower North Shore providing ABC Chiropractic care for their patients.
Improvement in balance and mobility in a 68-year-old female with plantar fasciitis: A case report
Cite: Tymms J, Postlethwaite R, McIvor C. Improvement in balance and mobility in a 68-year-old female with plantar fasciitis: A case report. Asia-Pac Chiropr J. 2025;6.2. www.apcj.net/papers-issue-6-2/#TymmsPlantarFasciitis
About Dr Tymms
Dr Joshua Tymms is a highly regarded chiropractor who has dedicated his career to helping patients achieve optimal health and wellness. Born and raised in Perth, Western Australia, Joshua completed his chiropractic studies at Murdoch University, graduating in 2006. He is level 3 certified in Advanced Bio-Structural Correction and has been recognised for his expertise and dedication to the field. In 2021, his contributions to the profession were recognised with an Outstanding Service to the Profession award from the Australian Chiropractors Association (ACA).
One of his particular interests is postural correction. He has a deep understanding of the connection between posture and overall health, and he works closely with his patients to correct any imbalances or misalignments that may be contributing to their pain or discomfort. The ABC technique offers hope to those who have not been successful with other manual therapies and are considering more invasive options.
In addition to his professional life, Dr Tymms is a dedicated family man. He is married to Brooke, and together they have a daughter, Indiana. His family is a source of constant inspiration and motivation, and he approaches each day with a deep sense of purpose and commitment to his patients and his community.
Disclaimer
This journal is a professional journal by chiropractors for chiropractors. Readers not fully trained as a chiropractor should not act on their own on any information published in these pages and should always discuss their situation with their chiropractor.
The name 'Asia-Pacific Chiropractic Journal' is a registered business name with ASIC, the Australian Securities and Investment Commission.
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